Order	Language	Implementation	Code	Relative Time
1	C	Clang 14.0.6	mandel.c	2.29
2	C	Clang 14.0.6 with -O3	mandel.c	1.04
3	Python	Codon 0.18.2	mandel_hinted.py	1.65
4	Python	CPython 3.13.3	mandel_untyped.py	38.03
5	Python	CPython 3.13.3 with type hints	mandel_hinted.py	38.00
6	Python	CPython 3.13.3 with -O	mandel_hinted.py	37.86
7	Python	CPython 3.8.20	mandel_untyped.py	69.26
8	Cython	Cython 3.1.1	mandel_hinted.py	4.87
9	Cython	Cython 3.1.1	mandel_typed.pyx	1.01
10	Cython	Cython 3.1.1	mandel_untyped.py	58.81
11	Dart	Dart 3.8.0	mandel.dart	1.34
12	C#	.NET core 9.0.300 with dotnet build	Mandel.cs	2.19
13	C#	.NET core 9.0.300 with dotnet publish	Mandel.cs	1.10
14	C	GCC 12.2.0	mandel.c	2.11
15	C	GCC 12.2.0 with -march=native	mandel.c	1.07
16	C	GCC 12.2.0 with -O3	mandel.c	1.00
17	Go	gccgo 12.2.0	mandel.go	2.19
18	Go	gccgo 12.2.0 with -O3	mandel.go	1.06
19	Haskell	GHC 9.0.2	mandel.hs	30.62
20	Haskell	GHC 9.0.2 with -O3	mandel.hs	2.05
21	Go	golang-go 1.19.8	mandel.go	1.06
22	C	GraalVM (+ Clang) 23.0.1	mandel.c	1.31
23	Java	GraalVM 23.0.1	Mandel.java	1.52
24	JavaScript	GraalVM 23.0.1	mandel.js	1.25
25	Python	GraalVM 23.0.1	mandel_hinted.py	2.31
26	Ruby	GraalVM 23.0.1	mandel.rb	1.57
27	PHP	HHVM 4.170.1	mandel.hack	1.28
28	Hack	HHVM 4.170.1	mandel-typed.hack	1.32
29	Haskell	Hugs September 2006	mandel.hs	1459.18	*
30	Ruby	JRuby 10.0.0.1	mandel.rb	16.01
31	Python2	Jython 2.7.3	mandel_untyped.py	33.11
32	Kotlin	Kotlin 2.1.21 on OpenJDK	mandel.kt	1.31
33	Kotlin	Kotlin 2.1.21 with -jvm-target	mandel.kt	1.31
34	Nim	Nim 1.6.10	mandel.nim	2.18
35	Nim	Nim 1.6.10 with --opt	mandel.nim	0.98
36	Python	Nuitka 2.7.3	mandel_untyped.py	62.42
37	Python	Numba 0.58.1 on Python 3.8	mandel_untyped.py	69.22
38	OCaml	OCaml 4.13.1	mandel.ml	18.24
39	OCaml	OCaml 4.13.1 with ocamlopt	mandel.ml	1.74
40	Java	OpenJDK 17.0.15 with -client	Mandel.java	1.23
41	Java	OpenJDK 17.0.15 with -server	Mandel.java	1.23
42	C	PCC 1.2.0.DEVEL	mandel.c	2.13
43	C	PCC 1.2.0.DEVEL with -O2	mandel.c	2.20
44	PHP	PHP 8.4.7	mandel.php	9.63
45	C	PicoC v2.2 compiled with -O3	mandel.c	627.40	*
46	Python	PyPy 7.3.11	mandel_untyped.py	1.17
47	Python	PyPy 7.3.11	mandel_hinted.py	1.17
48	Python	Pythran 0.18.0	mandel_pyth.py	1.65
49	R	R Patched	mandel.R	28.12
50	JavaScript	Rhino Snapshot	mandel.js	8.46
51	RPython	PyPy rpython translator 0.2.1	targetmandel.py	1.05
52	Ruby	Ruby 3.4.4	mandel.rb	47.10
53	Rust	Rust 1.63.0	mandel.rs	5.13
54	Rust	Rust 1.63.0 with opt-level=3	mandel.rs	1.04
55	OCaml	OCaml 2.11.12 on OpenJDK	Mandel.scala	1.37
56	JavaScript	SpiderMonkey 102.15.1	mandel.js	1.22
57	Swift	Swift 6.1	mandel.swift	1.61
58	C	TCC 0.9.27	mandel.c	2.12
59	JavaScript	V8/NodeJS 10.2.154.26-node.28	mandel.js	1.07

Times are measured by calling getrusage before and after running the subprocess, and summing the difference in the ru_utime and ru_stime. Only the test code itself is timed, not any compilation process. The tests were done on a processor that reported itself as “13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K”.

Each test generated a 400×400 Mandelbrot set, with at most 40000 iterations on each “pixel” (except the slowest tools, where the time is extrapolated from smaller runs. The test was repeated 3 times, and the times averaged. Actual times: 1 “time unit” = 2.93 s.